Insights into Antitrust Enforcement in Media Industries

Competition law is critical to fostering a healthy and vibrant media sector and the Antitrust Division’s enforcement matters involving the newspaper, telecommunications, radio broadcast and movie industries have benefited consumers, competition and the marketplace of ideas. This article highlights two such matters - the Division’s challenges of the NBCU-Comcast, joint venture and the Google-ITA transaction - both of which also raised vertical concerns. It explains how the Division effectively and efficiently resolved competitive harms through the careful application of legal and economic principles to the particular facts of those transactions. It also highlights the Division’s recently updated Antitrust Division Policy Guide to Merger Remedies, which reflects this approach.

Concept of “Residence” Under Income Tax Act, 1961

In India, as in many other countries, the charge of income tax and the scope of taxable income varies with the factor of residence. Thus, identification and classification of the residence of a person is one of the first steps carried out in order to proceed with assessing the liability of an individual. There are two categories of taxable entities viz. (1) residents and (2) non-residents. Residents are further classified into two sub-categories (i) resident and ordinarily resident and (ii) resident but not ordinarily resident. Section 6 of the Income Tax Act deals with residence. This article aims to clarify and elucidate the concept of residence under the IT Act and to show how there are different types of statuses applicable and consequently, different incidences of tax liability on individuals respectively.